Should the Lord's Table be restricted?
Noted theologian J.I. Packer spoke to this a year ago in an interview with Christianity Today. You can read the article here. In summary, Packer believes that Communion should be restricted in two instances--first, that those who are not believers in Jesus Christ should not participate, and second, those who are known to be living in sin should be restricted.
If you look at the article that I've linked, take a run down through the comments below it. You will see that this is an emotional issue. Is this a red-rope, VIP sort of a ordinance in the church? Can we be judging who is worthy to come when Jesus, himself, was so inviting?
In eighteen years of Pastoral Ministry and twenty-six years of church leadership involvement, I've seen this done well--and I've seen this done very poorly.
With regard to communicants being a genuine believer in Jesus Christ, I think this is a no-brainer. The Apostle Paul warned (in 1 Corinthians 11) that those approaching the table should consider themselves, and especially in light of the body and blood of the Lord. It would be contradictory for someone who wasn't relying on Jesus Christ's body and blood for their soul's salvation to participate in Communion--recognizing that sacrifice. The thing is, I cannot look at someone and clearly see their heart's embrace (or lack of embrace) of the gospel. The best I can do is share that warning from Scripture and leave people to discern for themselves if they should participate or abstain. At that point it's between them and the Lord.
Some congregations (churches and denominations) have decided to fence the table around their particular membership. I know a Protestant believer who went forward for Communion at a Catholic church and literally had the Priest take the 'host' back out of her hands upon learning she wasn't a Catholic. "Give me back that Jesus!" {An aside: Shari and I enjoyed a midnight Mass this Christmas Eve, and were welcomed by Father Don as "fellow believers in Christ" to participate.}
Where the matter of sin is concerned, I tend to agree with Packer. And again, I've seen it done well and not so well over the years. Packer uses the phrase "serious offense" in his argument. In my experience, the best scenario has involved the leadership of the church identifying for an individual areas of "willful, known, unrepentant sin" in their lives. I think that phrase is crucial. If it's simply a matter of pointing out sin in someone's life--well, get in line. I'll point at your sin. You point at mine. The budget for bread and juice will get pretty small as none of us will be able to partake! It's not a matter of sin. Hear me: It's NOT A MATTER OF SIN. It's a matter of "willful, known and unrepentant sin" in someone's life.
When it's been pointed out that these are the issues; these are the places where your choices and behavior are at direct odds with God's will; these are the issues that have put your testimony as a believer in Christ in doubt--and the individual refuses to acknowledge there is a problem and take steps to remedy it--we've got a problem. That's the place where I believe the leadership of the local church is charged to determine this is a case of "willful, known and unrepentant sin."
Packer points out one more item in his thoughts--that of differing interpretations of what constitutes a serious offense. Thankfully, in all the cases I've seen go right, the leadership has been very much in agreement. But I'd take it a step further. What happens when leadership in different congregations, see it differently? That's an issue that was unknown to first century churches--a member determined to be in "willful, known, unrepentant sin" in one congregation, slides across town and is welcomed to the Lord's Table in another without question. Why just twenty years ago or so, when someone left one congregation and surfaced in another they were expected to produce a "letter of transfer" from one congregation's leaders to the next. "This family is of sound testimony and left in good standing", and so on. No more. I'd suggest that is a breakdown beyond the scope of Packer's thoughts. Perhaps a matter for another post.
Back to the matter at hand, fencing the table: Yes? No? Done well? Done poorly? Ever had a Priest rip the Jesus from your fingers?
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